Citadel of Saladin
Citadel of Saladin
It is located in the Citadel district, Cairo.
It was built in the Middle Ages to be a defensive castle for its first-class strategic location, linking the cities of Cairo and Fustat.
The castle includes the Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha.
The Citadel of Saladin is called the Castle of the Mountain; Because it was built on a hill connected to the Mokattam Mountain, it was built by Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi to protect Cairo. To be his residence; Therefore it was attributed to him,
Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi ruled twenty-four years (565 - 589 AH / 1169 - 1193 AD), but he only spent eight years of them in Cairo, and despite the short period of this period, he left no one of its rulers like what this great sultan left from the wonderful effects that are still Remaining, and the most important of which is the castle attributed to him,
In the past, the Citadel of Saladin was located on a piece of the mountain connected to the Mokattam Mountain and overlooked Cairo, Egypt and the Nile
The Citadel of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi in Cairo is considered one of the most luxurious war castles that were built in the Middle Ages. It is in this location that it was possible to provide communication between the castle and the city in case of siege,
Saladin dug a well in the castle from which the army and the residents of the castle could draw water if water was prevented from it when it was besieged. It is the most impressive work that has been done because the well is dug into the rock at a depth of 90 meters from ground level
The doors of the castle
Bab Al-Mokattam, due to its proximity to the Mokattam Tower, which dates back to the Ottoman era.
The new door Muhammad Ali Pasha began building the new door in 1242 AH / 1827 CE to facilitate access to the castle and disembark from it.
Al Wasani Chapter
It was called Al-Wastani because it separated the public corridor of the castle - the new door - and the courtyard in which the Al-Nasir Muhammad Ibn Qalawun Mosque and the Muhammad Ali Pasha Mosque were located
Castle door
The inner door of the castle is known as the gate of the castle tower, and this door separated the mountain castle or the fortified military city in the north and the castle and the royal city in the south
Constellations
The Mokattam Tower is a huge, round tower with a diameter of 24 m and a height of 25 m. It is built from the outside with smooth stones and from the inside with polished stones about 7 meters thick.
Al-Sifa Tower The Al-Sifa Tower is located to the east of the Mokattam Tower at a distance of 16.60 m, and its construction is attributed to the Just King and was built in contrast to the semi-circular towers of Salah al-Din in the wall, and it is a square tower approximately 25.80 m long and 15 m high above the current ground level
Al-Alwa Tower The Alwah tower is located 9 meters east of the Al-Safah tower. It is a semicircular tower more than 6 meters wide, and it protrudes by 5.95 meters.
Kar Kailan Tower This tower is located 32 meters east from the Al-Sefeh tower, which is a square-shaped tower with dimensions of 21 meters and a height of 2.60 meters. This tower was built as the Al-Kailan tower was built from blocks whose façade is inclined to the back surface by 75 cm, and this tower consists of 3 floors He revealed his basement floor in 1923 AD, where it was found from the study of this floor that the entire Karkilan tower was added to the wall of Salah al-Din during the reign of the just king and the original wall appears at the points of contact, which indicates that the two builders cut in the wall of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi a distance of 5 m
Al Tarfa Tower, which is located 30 meters from the Karkilan Tower, was built during the reign of Al-Malik Al-Kamil. It is a huge square-shaped tower of 30 square meters, and was built with stones
The airport tower and the tower are a pair of semi-circular towers with a height of 15 m, and they adjoin one another without an internal connection between them, and these two towers are similar in size and layout and this tower was called the airport tower because it was intended for a homing pigeon
The tiled tower is in the form of three quarters of a circle and consists of two almost identical floors, and in the middle of each floor is a perpendicular hall covered by a cross vault and mixing 3 arms, and this tower was built from polished stones, and the tiled tower is distinguished by its deviation towards the north in a straight line, which allows the shooting of arrows in the direction of In front of me towards the south and east sides ...
Al-Maqsar tower consists of two floors on each floor a perpendicular room covered with a cross vault and exits from this room three arms, the roof of each of which is covered by a vault and each arm ends with an opening
The Imam Tower cooks a huge tower, with a diameter of 18 m, and a height of more than 20 m above the rock, and this tower was originally one of the towers of Salah al-Din, then the Just King increased its fortification and the tower consists of two floors that reach each of them through corridors in the Salah al-Din wall He named this tower the name of Bab al-Imam: because the Imam of the Sariyat al-Jabal Mosque took this tower as his residence
The Ramla Tower is a huge tower, with a diameter of 18 m, and a height of more than 20 m above the rock, and this tower was originally one of the towers of Salah al-Din, then the Just King increased its fortification and the tower is made of two floors that reach each of them through corridors in the Salah al-Din wall. .
The Blacksmith Tower is one of the towers established by Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi, and then the Just King supported it from the outside with stones that made it confined to a huge addition of 22 m in diameter, and a height of more than 21 m.
The Desert Tower, which is a composite tower, and it appears from the outside that it is a round tower placed on one of the corners of the wall, but its internal layout appears to be rectangular and its dimensions are 12.70 m x 21.30 m
The square tower. It is a square tower in its layout resembling the Karkilan tower, and that the floor of the upper floor of the western wing of the Temple Mount represents the surface of this square tower
Shortcomings
Al-Jawhara Palace, one of the palaces in the Citadel of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi, next to the Muhammad Ali Mosque, is a guesthouse in the castle area, and it includes gifts that were given to the family of Muhammad Ali Pasha until the reign of King Farouk
Al-Ablaq Palace was built by Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad bin Qalawun in 1314 AD on the western side of the slope of the Citadel Mountain. The Al-Ablaq Palace in Cairo is considered the most luxurious of the Mamluk palaces in Egypt, and one of Ammar's masterpieces
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